![]() The molecule has quite a symmetry in its arrangement as there are bonds on all four sides of the central atom.Īccording to VSEPR theory, electron pairs of the same nature repel each other. For the Methane molecule, there are four covalent bonds between Hydrogen and Carbon atoms. Molecular geometry helps us understand the arrangement of atoms in 3D for any given molecule. This is a theoretical concept which states that the atomic orbital of the atoms combines to form completely new molecular orbitals by overlapping. One 2s orbital and three 2p orbitals are hybridized for the Carbon atom. Hence four hybrid orbitals are formed for CH 4, and referring to the table given below, we can say that it has sp3 hybridization. Steric Number- Number of atoms attached to the central atom + number of lone pairs on the atom So for finding out the hybridization for the Carbon atom, we will find out the Steric Number. CH 4 Hybridizationįor the CH 4 molecule, we will find the Carbon atom’s hybridization as it is the one sharing electrons with Hydrogen atoms and forming bonds. There are four bonding pairs of electrons and no lone pair of electrons in this molecule. So in the Lewis structure of CH 4 or Methane, there are four single or covalent bonds between each Hydrogen and Carbon atom. Each bond requires two valence electrons, and hence eight valence electrons are used up by forming bonds. So for doing that, it will share one valence electron of the Carbon atom.Īs Carbon has four valence electrons, it will share all four electrons with the Hydrogen atoms. ![]() Now each Hydrogen just needs one more valence electron to attain a stable structure. Arrange all the Hydrogen atoms around the Carbon atom. Let us look at the Lewis Structure of CH 4 and determine how the atoms are arranged in the molecule.Ĭarbon in Methane takes the central position as it is less electronegative than the Hydrogen atoms. However, many elements are exceptions to this rule. Lewis structures are based on the octet rule, which says an atom must have eight valence electrons in its outer shell to attain a structure similar to the closest noble gas. Lewis structure is also referred to as electron dot structure.ĭots are represented to show the electrons, and lines are used to indicate the bonds between the atoms. The electrons that participate in bond formation are called the bonding pair of electrons, while those that don’t are known as nonbonding pairs of electrons. ![]() Lewis structure is the pictorial representation of the arrangement of valence shell electrons in the molecule, which helps us understand the atoms’ bond formations. Thus there eight valence electrons for Methane. The total number of valence electrons in CH4 adds up to be 8 (4 in carbon and 1 from each hydrogen atom). ![]() This gives us a total of 4 valence electrons in carbon and 1 in Hydrogen. The electrons present in the outermost shell of an atom are termed as valence electrons. So, in Carbon, the electronic configuration will be 1s2 2s2 2p2 and the electronic configuration of Hydrogen will be 1s1. Hydrogen is the very first element in the periodic table having an atomic number 1. The electrons that participate in the bond formation and are in the outermost shell of the atom are referred to as valence electrons.Ĭarbon is a p block element present in group 14th and 2nd period in the periodic table and has atomic number of 6.
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